Hard water is present across a large proportion of the UK and contains high level of minerals such as calcium and magnesium. These minerals can build up on machinery, forming scale deposits that can be damaging and reduce the efficiency of processes. Scale build-up can cause precision machinery to be inaccurate and cause damage to internal parts and occasionally render the equipment unrepairable.
The process of removing mineral ions from a water system is called water softening and is done on a commercial scale for businesses that use a large amount of water for production.
Commercial water softeners reduce scale and limit the damage done to machinery over time. Water softening provides a steady supply of soft water to keep processes working efficiently, reduce energy costs and limit machine downtime.
For industrial boilers, hardness can cause large scale build ups and reduce efficiency of the heating element; resulting in using more power and higher energy costs.
Water softening plants are frequently used as pre-treatment before a Reverse Osmosis unit to protect the membranes from hardness deposits.
Water softeners work by a process known as ion exchange. The hard water passes through a high-quality cation exchange resin column inside a pressure vessel. The resin removes the positively charged Calcium and Magnesium ions from the solution and exchanges them for the ions of Sodium. When the resin becomes exhausted it is regenerated by drawing a solution of common salt called brine through the column.
During regeneration, the hard metal ions are then released from the resin and replaced again with those of Sodium from the brine. The unwanted ions are flushed to drain along with the excess brine. Regeneration takes between 60 to 180 minutes depending on the size of the softener.
Choosing the right size commercial water softener is critical to protecting your equipment and keeping production running smoothly. Use our free Commercial Water Softener Sizing Tool to get a recommended system and send the details straight to our design team.
If you already have a softener on site but it isn’t performing as expected, you’re not alone. Over time, systems can suffer from:
Hardness breakthrough and scale still forming on equipment
Frequent regenerations and high salt usage
Poor flow rates or inconsistent soft water supply
Valve faults, resin issues or bacterial fouling
We’ve written a practical guide covering the most common commercial water softener problems, the warning signs to look out for and the steps you can take.
Use our free Size My Commercial Softener tool to get a recommended system and send the details straight to our design team.
Keeping a commercial softener healthy is mostly about staying on top of the salt. Make sure the brine tank is regularly topped up with 25 kg bags of salt so it can produce the strong brine needed for regeneration.
To keep everything running smoothly, we recommend a service every six months. A quick check-over and re-grease of moving parts can prevent problems and help your softener deliver reliable performance year after year.
If you’re already seeing issues with your softener performance, take a look at our guide to common commercial water softener problems for the most likely causes and what to check first.
There are two main types of water softener in the water treatment industry: a Simplex Water Softener; and a Duplex Water Softener.
A simplex water softener must regenerate every so often depending on flow rate and usage. They are best suited to consistent demand applications of moderate total water consumption. Regeneration is controlled by the multiport valve head assembly. Time clock and delayed regeneration meter-controlled softeners are normally programmed to regenerate at 2.00am or at a convenient period of low water usage.
A duplex water softener supplies a constant supply of softened water. This is essential for companies who need to run their plant 24 hours. Duplex systems use two resin columns; one in service with the second on standby. The water flow to service is metered and when the service column is exhausted, the control valve automatically switches back to the first column again. Duplex softeners are normally sized to give one regeneration per column per day, but each column can be regenerated more frequently if required. Parallel run systems with both vessels online at the same time are available.